The shortlist for the Aperture First Photobook Prize is up and there are so many really good books in there (including old favourites like Hidden Islam, Father Figure, War Porn and Euromaidan as well as great books like Epilogue, Red String and Andrea Botto's Number Book!). It's strange how the First Photobook Prize seems so much more interesting than the other Aperture book awards. It's also strange how small some of the editions are. And how concerned they are.
For example, Silent Histories came in a really small edition of 45. And it was expensive. But it sold out very quickly because it is an meticulously made photobook that combines contemporary, historical and archive photography with first hand accounts of what it's like to grow up with a war-inflicted disability in post-war Japan. It helps redefine events that happened a long time ago and it's a campaigning photobook. And it deals with a difficult subject; Japan and the Second World War. A that, despite all the fetishisation of the Japanese photobook, isn't talked about too much. I'm not sure why.
So I wrote about Silent Histories for Emaho Magazine. This is what I said.
Grave of the Fireflies is an anime film about the Second World War in Japan. The main characters are a young boy and his younger sister. Their house is bombed, their mother is killed, they are shunned by their family and they go to live beyond the town in a life where the food runs out. It goes beyond miserable. I won’t give away the ending but it is one of the most tragic films I have ever seen, a film where the people who neglect and mistreat these children are almost as bad as the people who bombed them out of their house and home.
Silent Histories, a handmade book made in a sold-out edition
of 45 by Kazuma Obara shares many
characteristics with Grave of the Fireflies. It’s a book that details the
suffering endured by civilians who were injured in the American bombing of
Japan. And it’s fantastic.
As an object it is beautiful. It comes bound in ox-blood and
brown tweed, with a family portrait from 1930s Japan on the cover. But in the
middle of the picture the face of the youngest family member is whited out.
She’s missing. She’s hiding herself. This is a book about people who were
destroyed by the war, who hide themselves away.
Open the book and the adventure begins. There are inserts;
one class picture, four certificates and three replicas of a Japanese propaganda
magazine dedicated to showing civilians how to defend themselves against aerial
bombing.
The introduction to the book details the destruction to life
and property endured: ‘The indiscriminate bombing by US forces during the
Second World War massacred 330,000 and left 430,000 Japanese civilians
injured.’
It highlights the resultant suffering of survivors who,
‘…have lived in the shadows, trying to hide their scars and avoid causing
someone trouble by being visible, trying hard to cover their pain.’ And that is
what the book is about, the Japanese people who have suffered because of the
war.
The first subject is Teruko Anno. We see childhood snaps of
her, class photos and the background she came from. But we also see waves of
American bombers in the sky, their bombs dropping and a destroyed city. The
message is clear. America did this. America is to blame.
We also see Teruko at the doctors, her suffering and pain
still ongoing, and we hear her story, of how she was bombed in 1945, how she
lost her leg, of the malnutrition that took her brother’s life and of the
‘…discrimination and prejudice against the wounds of war.’
Eiko Kobayashi tells her story through an illustrated insert.
Her house was firebombed, she ran and was hit by shrapnel, she ended up in a
hospital where she stayed for four days until her parents finally found her.
It’s a story filled with the wanton violence of war, and what it does to the
people who live under it. Kobayashi also suffered prejudice after the war
ended. She was blamed for a defective product at the company she worked for;
‘”It’s because you employ people like her with bad legs.”’ And so she resigned,
but from then on simply agreed with people who expressed their prejudice.
‘First and foremost, I had to prioritize making a living.’
The tales of suffering and prejudice continue. Mariko
Fujiwara’s left leg was injured by a bomb two hours after she was born. She
tells us how she went to a public washhouse when she was a child. In the
evening to avoid other people. But one day a boy and a girl saw her injured
leg. ‘”Mom, look, what a strange leg!” Their mother said, “If you do bad
things, your legs become like that too!” When I heard that, I felt so sad.
There is a long list of classic Japanese photobooks that
deal with how awful the Americans were in the Second World War, that examine
the horrors of the blanket bombing of cities and the cruel devastation
Hiroshima and Nagasaki. What’s worrisome is, in a country that has never been
able to take responsibility for the crimes it committed during the Second World
War, the lack of photobooks or photography that recognise the horrors Japan
inflicted on the populations of other Asian countries. There are Dutch books, Korean books and
Chinese books, but Japanese? Japanese textbooks still skim over what Japan did
in the Second World War. It would be nice if there photobooks that did
otherwise.
But in a strange and very quiet way, Silent Histories is a
step in the right direction. Though it addresses the indiscriminate cruelty of
the American bombing campaign, it also addresses the failings of the Japanese
government to adequately compensate the victims of the bombing. In a postscript,
the photographer Obara writes how he went to attend a ‘…signature-collecting
campaign for legislation supporting victims of the air attacks.’ But the legislation hasn’t come, there is no
support from a government which still provides compensation for ‘former
military personnel, civilian employees and surviving relatives’. The case is coming up to the Supreme Court
and the next step is for the victims of the bombings to show the scars they
have kept hidden for almost 70 years.
So ultimately the book is about making visible the scars and
pain of war, of recognising the suffering that civilians go through everywhere,
and ending all wars. It’s a dream, but it’s a good one, delivered in
outstanding powerful fashion.
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